National Institute of Statistics, Italy

Data source(s) used: Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Gross value added: Gross value added is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to the economic growth in terms of new goods and services available for final consumption.Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.Gross value added at producers' prices: Gross value added at producers’ prices is output valued at producers’ prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The producer price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product minus value added tax (VAT), or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser.Gross value added at factor cost: Gross value added at factor cost is derived from GVA at basic prices by subtricting other taxes on production and adding other subsidies on production.Output: Output consists of the products created during the accounting period. Three types of output are distinguished: market output; output produced for own final use; other non-market output.Output at basic prices: Output is at basic prices when it is valued by subtricting taxes on products and including subsidies on products.Output at producers' prices: Output at producers' prices is the output at basic prices plus taxes on products, excluding VAT, and minus subsidies on products.Output at factor cost: Output at factor cost is valued by subtracting taxes and including subsidies.Taxes on production and on products (except VAT and import taxes):they consist of compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by the Institutions of the European Union, in respect of the production of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production. These taxes are payable whether or not profits are made.Subsidies on products and on production: are current unrequited payments that government units, including non-resident government units, make to enterprises on the basis of the levels of their production activities or the quantities or values of the goods or services which they produce, sell or import.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Air transport : The new statistical survey on air transport is a total survey collection information on the carriage of passengers, freight and mail by air, flight stages, available seats for passengers on aircraft and aircraft movements. The reporting units are the airports and the data are provided by their management companies. Quarterly data are referred only to the airports that send monthly data. Other data characteristics: Quarterly data are provisional

Data source(s) used: Quick survey on building permits: Quick Survey on building permits is a quartely and sample survey; it collects information on new building projects (residential or non-residential) or enlargement of pre-existing buildings, with the exception of transformations and renovations. Information is supplied by those who ask for building permits or start-of-work notification (DIA) or SCIA and is collected by municipalities that monthly send the material to Istat.

Data source(s) used: Business confidence survey in Construction: The survey is a part of the joint harmonized European Union programme of business and consumer surveys (the latest relevant normative is the Commission’s decision: COM (2006) 379 , 2006 July 12). The survey provides information about managers' assessments and expectations on the main economic variables in their company (e.g. assessments on order books and construction activity, expectations on orders, etc.). The reporting unit and the sample unit is the firm. The target universe is made up of Italian firms with three or more employees classified in Section F in NACE rev.2 . The survey is monthly and since November 2011 data collection technique used is CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) . The sample design is stratified by economic sectors (identified by the divisions of section F in NACE rev.2), geographic partitions and firm sizes (in terms of employees). The sampling frame is based on ASIA archive (Statistical archive of active firms). The survey is addressed to a panel of 700 firms. The confidence indicator, according to the EU methodology, is calculated as the simple arithmetic average of the balances of answers to the question on assessments on order books and to the question on the expectations on employment. The confidence climate index is released for the whole sector and for the sub-sectors (the three divisions of NACE (rev.2) – section F: construction of buildings, civil engineering and specialized construction activities). All series are seasonally adjusted using the Tramo-Seats method. Other data characteristics: All the series are estimated using the gross value added at factor cost as weight. More specifically, estimates until 2009 are obtained using gross value added referring to the year 2005; starting from 2010 estimates were obtained using gross value added referring to the year 2012. The series under the heading Previous series - climate (2005 = 100), instead, are weighed with similar weights pertaining to the year 2005 for all the period released. At the same time the publication of march 2015, the confidence climate index both for the whole sector and economic sub-sectors (the divisions provided in NACE (rev.2): construction of buildings, civil engineering and specialized construction activities) is released with base 2010=100.Balances are calculated by considering the frequencies not rounded.: Variables concerning credit:since 2015, October, variables are surveyed quarterly; more specifically they are surveyed in March, June, September and December. Raw series are available starting from 2009, May.

Data source(s) used: The business confidence survey in the manufacturing sector: The survey is carried out in the framework of the joint harmonized EU Programme of business and consumer tendency surveys (the latest normative reference is the Commission’s decision COM (2006) 379 , 2006 July 12). The survey collects qualitative data on the current and expected cyclical situation of the manufacturing firms on monthly basis (e.g. assessments and expectations on firm’s order books, production and liquidity conditions; assessments on stocks of finished products; expectations on firm’s employment and selling prices), along with expectations on the Italian general economic situation. Quarterly, some other variables regarding the main aspects of the firm’s general situation are investigated (production capacity, numbers of worked hours, new orders, stocks of commodities and unfinished products, export order books, the factors limiting the production, months of production secured and capacity utilization), along with some information about the firm’s competitive position. The reporting unit and the sample unit is the firm. The target universe is made up by the Italian firms with five or more employees, classified in Section C of the NACE rev.2 classification. The survey is monthly. ISTAT manages the data collection by CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing). The sample is represented by a panel of about 4000 firms. The sample design is stratified by economic sectors (identified by the divisions of section C in NACE rev.2), geographic partitions and firm sizes (in terms of employees). The sampling frame is extracted by the official ASIA archive (the statistical archive of active enterprises elaborated by ISTAT). The confidence climate is built as an arithmetic average of the balances on the assessments on the order books and the stocks of finished products (with a negative sign) and the expectation on the production over the next 3 months. Monthly, the confidence climate index for the whole manufacturing sector, the four geographical areas (North-west, North-east, Centre, South and Islands) and for the main industrial groupings (MIGs, Consumer Goods, Intermediate Goods and Capital Goods) is calculated. All series are seasonally adjusted using the Tramo-Seats method. Other data characteristics: All the series are estimated using the gross value added at factor cost as weight. More specifically, estimates until 2009 are obtained using gross value added referring to the year 2005; starting from 2010 estimates were obtained using gross value added referring to the year 2012. The series under the heading Previous series - climate (2005 = 100), instead, are weighed with similar weights pertaining to the year 2005 for all the period released. At the same time starting from the publication of march 2015, the confidence climate index both for the whole sector, the four geographical areas (North-west, North-east, Centre, South and Islands) and for the main industrial groupings (MIGs, Consumer Goods, Intermediate Goods and Capital Goods) is released with base 2010=100.Balances are calculated by considering the frequencies not rounded.: The following quarterly series: Export turnover (in %),Assessments on export turnover,Expectations on export turnover,Export/domestic price ratio,Export destination,Major competitors,Factors influencing export are available on March, on June, on September and on December. The following quarterly series: Production capacity – current,Numbers of worked hours,Orders books, past 3 months,Export order books, next 3 months,Factors limiting production,Months of production secured,Capacity utilisation,Stocks of commodities and unfinished products,Competitive position are available on April, on July, on October and on January.: Variables concerning credit: since 2015, October, variables are surveyed quarterly; more specifically they are surveyed in March, June, September and December. Raw series are available starting from 2008, March.From 2016 on, survey results for the 3-digit sectors of the following eight two-digit sectors belonging to section C of the Nace rev.2 classification are no more provided: manufacture of food products, manufacture of textiles; manufacture of chemicals and chemical products; manufacture of fabricated metal products (except machinery and equipment); manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products; manufacture of electrical equipment and of non-electric domestic appliances; manufacture of other transport equipment; other manufacturing.

Data source(s) used: Business confidence survey in Services: Services survey is carried out within the joint harmonized EU (European Union) project (EC -European Commission- Decision C (97) 2241 of 15 July 1997 and EC ommunication COM (2006) 379 of 12 July 2006). The survey provides information about managers' assessments and expectations of the main economic variables in their company (level of order books, business situation, turnover etc.).The survey is carried out on a monthly basis and addressed to a panel of 2.000 firms (cut off 3 employees). The survey sample design is stratified by economic sectors (identified by NACE rev.2 divisions), geographic partitions and firm sizes (in terms of employees). Furthemore, the Neyman optimum allocation method to strata is applied for determining the strata size. The sampling frame is ASIA archive (Statical Archive of active firms). The services confidence indicator, according to the EU methodology, is calculated as the simple arithmetric average of the balances of answers to the questions on assessments and expectations of demand and to the question on the assessments on the business situation. All series are seasonally adjusted using the Tramo-Seats method. Other data characteristics: Following to the availability of the data of the NACE rev.2 divisions 75 and from 90 to 96 (apart from the one 94), the revision of all series of the services confidence climate survey was effectuated. Since June 2013, in fact, the above mentioned data were included into all the aggregates. Moreover, for a few series, a further revision also for previous periods to June 2013 was carried out. More specifically, in occasion of April 2017 release (reference month data: April 2017), all monthly series as well as all the quarterly ones concerning to the credit section were revised as from January 2012; with reference to the quarterly series capacity utilization, the revision of the entire series was effectuated from the first quarter of 2010.The previous series (2005=100) were not revised.All the series are estimated using the gross value added at factor cost as weight. More specifically, estimates until 2009 are obtained using gross value added referring to the year 2005; starting from 2010 estimates were obtained using gross value added referring to the year 2012. The series under the heading Previous series - climate (2005 = 100), instead, are weighed with similar weights pertaining to the year 2005 for all the period released.Starting from the publication of May 2017, the definition of the confidence climate in the service sector changes. More specifically, balance series concerning the expectations on the general economy was replaced by the one pertaining to the assessments on the general business situation; doing so the confidence climate is coherent with the one calculated by the European Commission. Therefore, starting from May 2017, confidence climate is built as average of balances concerning assessments and expectations on orders and balance of the assessments on the general business situation. Confidence climate index is released with basis 2010=100 and the new series has been calculated again since march 2005. Confidence index with basis 2005=100 (previous series) has not been calculated on the basis of the new definition.Moreover, at the same time the publication of May 2017, all the balance and frequency replies series have been revised from January 2003 to december 2009.Balances are calculated by considering the frequencies not rounded.: Variables concerning credit:since 2015, October, variables are surveyed quarterly; more specifically they are surveyed in March, June, September and December. Raw series are available starting from 2008.

Data source(s) used: Consumer Confidence Survey: Survey on consumer confidence is part of the joint harmonized EU program of business and consumer surveys (European Commission Decision C(97) 2241, 15 July 1997 and Communication of European Commission COM(2006) 379, 12 July 2006 and it is cofinanced by the European Commision. Since 1982 the survey is carried out monthly on a representative sample of the Italian adult population. Information are collected in the first 12 days of the month, using telephone interviews with the CATI (Computer assisted telephone interviewing) technique. Sample size is of about 2000 units, with two stages, in proportion to the universe of the Italian adult population and stratified by geographical area and size of municipality of residence. List used corresponds to telephone subscribers; the reporting unit is the telephone subscriber (unit of first stage, randomly selected within the layer), the sample unit is the consumer (unit of second stage), being an adult belonging to the family identified by the telephone number. The selection technique used is a systematic random in the first stage and a quota sampling in the second stage. The questionnaire for the telephone interview includes structural information as well as other questions, mainly qualitative, on the general economic situation in the country and on the personal situation of the respondent. Opinions are expressed as assessment concerning the recent past (last 12 months) or as expectations about short-term future (next 12 months). In particular this survey includes monthly questions on the following aspects: assessments and expectations on the Italian economic situation; expectations on unemployment; assessment and expectations on household's economic situation; assessment on household's financial situation; assessment and expections about inflation; present opportunity and future possibility of savings; present opportunity and future possibility of durable purchases. On quarterly basis (i.e. in January, April, July and October) information are collected on the intentions to buy a new car within the next 12 months; to purchase or to make extraordinary repairs to the dwelling within the next 12 months. Confidence climate index, defined as aritmetical average of nine balances, is a synthetic indicator of all results and it aims at evaluating level of optimism and pessimism among Italian consumers. It can be broken down in personal and economic climates or, alternatively, in present and future climates. These indicators are expressed as index in base 2010=100. Series are seasonally adjusted using Tramo-Seats method. Other data characteristics: Balances are calculated by considering the frequencies not rounded.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Contributions to GDP growth:The lack of additivity of volume measures also impacts on the calculation of contributions to GDP growth. The technique adopted by ISTAT to compute contributions to growth is based on the series evaluated at PYP. Given the additivity property of such series, for quarters 2 to 4, the quarter-on-quarter contribution to GDP growth of a component X in quarter t is given by:ContCX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-1)] / GDPPYP(t-1),where XPYP and GDPPYP are the component X and the GDP, respectively, evaluated at previous year prices. The last expression is not correct for the first quarter of the year as it is evaluated at prices of year T-1 while the previous quarter (the fourth quarter of T-1) is evaluated at prices of year T-2. The correct expression is given byContCX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-1) • [XDef(T-1)/ XDef (T-2]] / GDPPYP(t-1) • [GDPDef(T-1)/GDPDef(T-2)] where XDef and GDPDef are the annual deflators of the component X and of GDP, respectively.Analogously, the contribution of the component X to the year-on-year GDP growth is given by:ContTX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-4) • [XDef(T-1)/XDef(T-2)]] / GDPPYP(t-4) • [GDPDef(T-1)/ GDPDef(T-2)].

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Output deflator at factor costs:is given by the ratio between the current price production at factor costs and the chain linked production (measured at factor costs) with reference year 2005.Input deflator at factor costs: is given by the ratio between the current price intermediate costs at factor costs and the chain linked intermediate costs (measured at factor costs) with reference year 2005.Unit labour cost:is given by the ratio between ‘Compensation of employees’ and production.Unit variable costs:are given by the ratio between the sum of unit labour costs and intermediate consumption and production.Mark-up:is given by the ratio between the output deflator and the unit variable costs.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA95) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.

Data source(s) used: The 3th October 2014 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy based on the new manual BPM6).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA2010) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.Population:According to national accounts, the total population on a given date consists of national or foreign persons settled permanently in the economic territory of Italy, even if they are temporarily absent from it. A person who is staying, or intends to stay, on the economic territory of the country for one year or more is regarded as permanently settled there. A person is regarded as being temporarily absent if he or she is permanently settled in the country but is staying, or intends to stay, abroad for a period of less than one year. An annual average of head counts provides an appropriate basis for international comparisons and it is used as denominator of per capita values of important aggregates as GDP, gross national income, final consumption expenditure of households.For the years 2002- 2013, the average annual population used in national accounts is not the legal population but it has been obtained by a statistical reconstruction (“Ricostruzione statistica delle serie regionali di popolazione del periodo 1/1/2002 – 1/1/2014” http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/145206) disseminated on January 2015 and used as a reference for the main macroeconomic aggregates and indicators. The statistical reconstruction of population by regions was carried out in order to avoid the effects of changes in the population count mainly due to administrative purposes and that produce an adjustment of the population register after the Census. In particular, the revision of the population register after the 2011 Census of Population was due to the re-registration in 2012 of persons cancelled from the register according to the census results and to the recovery in 2013 of persons actually resident in the municipality but not surveyed by the population census; these phenomena caused a sudden increase of the legal population after the census year.From 1 January 2014 onwards, data have been aligned to the results of the following demographic surveys: "Surveys on the movement and calculation of the resident population" and "Surveys on the age structure of the resident population".

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source (s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Trips and holidays survey: The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the all months of the year. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring month is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc. From 1997 to 2013, Istat carried out the quarterly survey with CATI tecnique (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). Since 2014 the survey has been included into another process, Household budget survey, becoming a focus into the initial and ending interview. It is conducted monthly with CAPI technique (Computer Assisted Personal Interview), over a theory sample of 28.000 households (7.000 households per quarter). Comparability of the series of the main data has been guaranteed over time at national level. In fact, the principal macrodata have been re-built by applaying a tecnique of time series re-building.

Final Consumption Expenditure of Households, Quarterly, Italy Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Household consumption: It consists of the expenditure, including expenditure whose value must be estimated indirectly, incurred by resident households on individual consumption goods and services, including those sold at prices that are not economically significant and including consumption goods and services acquired abroad. It presents the final consumption expenditure of households broken down by the COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose) classification and by durability.

Data source(s) used: Starting from September 23 2019, the time series of national accounts, based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010), have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources. The revision took place in coordination with other European countries. The previously diffused series are available in the sections “Quarterly accounts in the 2014 version” and “Quarterly accounts in the 2011 and 2005 versions” of this same site..Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units.By deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP, we obtain net domestic product at market prices (NDP).Output-based GDP: is the sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at basic prices, plus all taxes less subsidies on products.Income-based GDP: is compensation of employees, plus taxes less subsidies on production and imports, plus gross mixed income, plus gross operating surplus.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).GDP and expenditure components: It shows among the resources gross domestic product at market prices and imports; while the uses include final consumption, gross capital formation and exports.Production accounts: It shows the transactions relating to the production process proper. Its resources include output and taxes less subsidies on products, and its uses include intermediate consumption. The balance of this account is value added at an aggregate level, it can be used to obtain GDP.Generation of income account: It shows the destination of domestic product (NDP) to compensation of employees and indirect taxes less subsidies. It allows to calcolate the operating surplus that corresponds to the income which the units obtain from their own use of their production facilities.Allocation of primary income account: It shows how to arrive to net national income. It lists under resources: operating surplus, national compensation of employees, indirect taxes paid to the rest of the world, taxes less subsidies on production and imports, capital transfer receivable from the rest of the world.Secondary distribution of income account: It records the operations of redistribution performed by taxes, contributions, social benefits and other transfers with the Rest of the world. It allows to calcolate national disposable income.Use of disposable income account It shows the allocation of national disposable income between national final consumption expenditure and net national saving.Capital account: It records acquisitions less disposals of non-financial assets (mainly gross capital formation), measuring the change in net worth due to saving and capital transfers. The balance of this account is net lending or borrowing.International transactions account: It records all operations of distribution and redistribution occurring between residents and non residents. It allows to obtain net lending or borrowing towards the rest of the world.

Gross Domestic Product Supply Side, Quarterly, Italy Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Output-based GDP: is the sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at basic prices, plus all taxes less subsidies on products.

Data source(s) used: Starting from September 23 2019, the time series of national accounts, based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010), have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources. The revision took place in coordination with other European countries. The previously diffused series are available in the sections “Quarterly accounts in the 2014 version” and “Quarterly accounts in the 2011 and 2005 versions” of this same site.GDP and expenditure components: It shows among the resources gross domestic product at market prices and imports; while the uses include final consumption, gross capital formation and exports.Contributions to GDP growth:The lack of additivity of volume measures also impacts on the calculation of contributions to GDP growth. The technique adopted by ISTAT to compute contributions to growth is based on the series evaluated at PYP. Given the additivity property of such series, for quarters 2 to 4, the quarter-on-quarter contribution to GDP growth of a component X in quarter t is given by:ContCX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-1)] / GDPPYP(t-1),where XPYP and GDPPYP are the component X and the GDP, respectively, evaluated at previous year prices. The last expression is not correct for the first quarter of the year as it is evaluated at prices of year T-1 while the previous quarter (the fourth quarter of T-1) is evaluated at prices of year T-2. The correct expression is given byContCX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-1) • [XDef(T-1)/ XDef (T-2]] / GDPPYP(t-1) • [GDPDef(T-1)/GDPDef(T-2)] where XDef and GDPDef are the annual deflators of the component X and of GDP, respectively.Analogously, the contribution of the component X to the year-on-year GDP growth is given by:ContTX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-4) • [XDef(T-1)/XDef(T-2)]] / GDPPYP(t-4) • [GDPDef(T-1)/ GDPDef(T-2)].

Data source(s) used: OROS Survey (Employment, earnings and social security contributions): The Oros survey is aimed at producing quarterly indicators on gross wages, other labour costs and total labour cost for firms with at least one employee. To reduce the statistical burden on enterprises, Oros survey uses data from pre-existent statistical surveys and from administrative sources. Oros indicators are estimated by the integration of Social Security data (employers’ social contribution declarations to Inps, the Italian Social Security Institution) and monthly Large firms Survey data (LES). The Oros target population are enterprises and private institutions with employees that, in the reference quarter, have paid wages and salaries subjected to social contributions and classified in the sectors of industry (sections B to F of the Nace Rev. 2) and services (G to N of the Nace Rev. 2). Each quarter, Oros survey releases a provisional estimate on the current quarter and a final estimate related to the same quarter of the preceding year. The provisional estimate is released with a delay of about 70 days after the end of the reference period and can be revised for the next three quarters until the final estimate release, after 12 months. The final estimate is required to incorporate the new information available after the provisional estimate. The discrepancy between the preliminary estimate and the final one depends on many different factors: - quality and completeness of the final version of the administrative micro data improve with respect to the preliminary version; - the annual revision of the LES data referred to the previous year, included in the OROS estimates in the delivery of the first quarter; – updating of structural variables based on other external sources (e.g. Nace Rev. 2 economic activity classification and institutional nature, etc.); - occasional methodological revisions of the indicators’ estimate.

Data source(s) used: Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises:Data are collected monthly on enterprises with more than 500 employees covering sectors from B to S (excluding O) of Nace rev.2. Currently the large enterprises survey includes 1600 enterprises selected from Istat Business Register (Asia 2013). The survey produces indicators useful for the short term analysis of the number of employed persons, hours worked, labour cost, salary and wages in large enterprises.Quarterly survey on job vacancies and hours worked:The survey, also referred to as VELA, measures quarterly job vacancies, stocks and flows of employment, hours worked and paid in enterprises with 10-499 employees in industry and services (sections B-S,excluding O, of Nace Rev. 2 classification).

Data source(s) used: House price index: The purpose of the survey is the production of the House Price Index (HPI). The index measures the evolution of market prices of all residential properties that are purchased by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.), both new and existing, independently if bought for own-occupancy or as an investment. HPI covers transactions of dwellings carried out within the household sector and transactions made by the household sector with other institutional sectors. HPI compilation is based on final market prices that are paid by households and the price of land is included. HPI compilation is based on administrative data; in particular, dwelling prices are gathered from notaries deeds of sales data provided by Tax Office. Other data characteristics: HPI indices are released quarterly and they are calculated using a chained Laspeyres formula. The reference base year for all indices is 2010=100. For more information please refer to the Methodological note attached to the Press release reported in the Price Section of Istat website.

Data source(s) used: Dispatch/arrival of goods with EU Countries (Intrastat System)Special trade extra EU import-exportThe English description of the source is not available at this time, for methodological details go to the Siqual system

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Production index - construction: The field of observation of the estimated index of production in construction (IPC) is all construction activities referred both to new and maintenance activity. The periodicity of the index was quarterly until the third quarter of 2010, after which began disseminating monthly. Due to the difficulty in doing a direct survey on building companies, an indirect methodology is used to calculate the IPC: output changes are calculated on the basis of a production function that combine the production inputs (working hours, intermediate inputs and physical capital). The production function is estimated using elementary enterprise data referred to the year 2005. This indirect approach is also recommended in Eurostat short-term statistics methodological to solve problems arising in measuring the output of the construction sector for the strong prevalence of small and very small building companies.Survey on building workers' welfare funds:Survey on working hours in construction sector. The survey is performed with a monthly frequency, and the data are one of the sources of the process “Index of production in construction”. This index is disseminated with a monthly frequency. The survey data are not released directly.

Data source(s) used: Quarterly survey on turnover in the services: the quarterly survey on turnover of the services is a sampling survey aimed to produce short term indicators for the sectors considered. The survey has realized in accordance with EU Regulation on short term statistics (n.1165/98 EC, Annex D, referring "other services" and included in Statistic National Program. A provisional index is published about 60 days from reference period and it will be revised and published as definitive one about 160 days.

Data source(s) used: OROS Survey (Employment, earnings and social security contributions): The Oros survey is aimed at producing quarterly indicators on gross wages, other labour costs and total labour cost for firms with at least one employee. To reduce the statistical burden on enterprises, Oros survey uses data from pre-existent statistical surveys and from administrative sources. Oros indicators are estimated by the integration of Social Security data (employers’ social contribution declarations to Inps, the Italian Social Security Institution) and monthly Large firms Survey data (LES). The Oros target population are enterprises and private institutions with employees that, in the reference quarter, have paid wages and salaries subjected to social contributions and classified in the sectors of industry (sections B to F of the Nace Rev. 2) and services (G to N of the Nace Rev. 2). Each quarter, Oros survey releases a provisional estimate on the current quarter and a final estimate related to the same quarter of the preceding year. The provisional estimate is released with a delay of about 70 days after the end of the reference period and can be revised for the next three quarters until the final estimate release, after 12 months. The final estimate is required to incorporate the new information available after the provisional estimate. The discrepancy between the preliminary estimate and the final one depends on many different factors: - quality and completeness of the final version of the administrative micro data improve with respect to the preliminary version; - the annual revision of the LES data referred to the previous year, included in the OROS estimates in the delivery of the first quarter; – updating of structural variables based on other external sources (e.g. Nace Rev. 2 economic activity classification and institutional nature, etc.); - occasional methodological revisions of the indicators’ estimate.

Data source(s) used: Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises:Data are collected monthly on enterprises with more than 500 employees covering sectors from B to N of Nace rev.2. Enterprises have been selected from Istat Business Register (Asia 2010); in 2010 large enterprises survey includes 1300 enterprises that represent 22.2 per cent of total employees in the register (16.5 per cent in industry and 26.7 per cent in services). The survey collects information on the number of employed persons, working hours, labour cost, salary and wages at the end of the month.Quarterly survey on job vacancies and hours worked:The survey, also referred to as VELA, measures quarterly job vacancies, stocks and flows of employment, hours worked and paid in enterprises with less than 500 employees in industry and services (sections B-S of Nace Rev. 2 classification, with the exception of O). Starting from the I quarter of 2016 the collected data include also managers. The data collection is carried out via a quarterly online survey available at https://imprese.istat.it. The survey is needed to comply with: EC Regulation n. 1165/98 on short-term statistics, and implementing and updating regulations; EC Regulation n. 450/2003 on the labour cost index, and implementing and updating regulations; and EC Regulation n. 453/2008 on quarterly job vacancy statistics, and implementing regulations.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: The 3rd October 2014 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy based on the new manual BPM6).Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.Gross value added at factor cost: Gross value added at factor cost is derived from GVA at basic prices by subtricting other taxes on production and adding other subsidies on production.Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Household consumption: It consists of the expenditure, including expenditure whose value must be estimated indirectly, incurred by resident households on individual consumption goods and services, including those sold at prices that are not economically significant and including consumption goods and services acquired abroad. It presents the final consumption expenditure of households broken down by the COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose) classification and by durability. Gross fixed capital formation: Gross fixed capital formation consists of resident producers' acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during a given period plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity of producer or institutional units.Costs and margins by industryOutput deflator at factor costs: Is given by the ratio between the current price production at factor costs and the chain linked production (measured at factor costs) with reference year 2010. Input deflator at purchaser prices: Is given by the ratio between the current price intermediate costs (measured at purchaser prices) and the chain linked intermediate costs (measured at purchaser prices) with reference year 2010. Unit labour cost: Is given by the ratio between 'Compensation of employees' and production. Unit variable costs: Are given by the ratio between the sum of unit labour costs and intermediate consumption and production.Mark-up: Is given by the ratio between the output deflator and unit variable costs.

Sequence of Accounts, Quarterly, Italy Data source(s) used: Quarterly Sector Accounts (QSA): record all the activities, whether principal or secondary, of the institutional units. They present the whole set of non financial accounts, from the production account to the acquisitions of non-financial assets accounts on quarterly basis. For General Government sector, property income, other current transfers and capital transfers are consolidated. In addition to the set of accounts, a selection of indicators derived from QSA for Households (as Consumer too) and Non-financial Corporations is disseminated to allow a timely analysis of the behaviour of these sectors in the different phases of the economic cycle.

Data source(s) used: Notary activity: The survey on notarial activity provides the number and the characteristics of the notarial deeds and of the agreements contained within them. The survey provides a comprehensive overview of notarial activity and a set of socio-economic information that is significant for the collectivity as a whole. The agreements stipulated by notaries are organized into groups to highlight the most significant phenomena. The survey is conducted each year by collecting data directly from the approximately 5,000 notaries in operation, and it is conducted in collaboration with the Central office of notarial archives and the National Council of notaries.

Data source(s) used: OROS Survey (Employment, earnings and social security contributions): The Oros survey is aimed at producing quarterly indicators on gross wages, other labour costs and total labour cost for firms with at least one employee. To reduce the statistical burden on enterprises, Oros survey uses data from pre-existent statistical surveys and from administrative sources. Oros indicators are estimated by the integration of Social Security data (employers’ social contribution declarations to Inps, the Italian Social Security Institution) and monthly Large firms Survey data (LES). The Oros target population are enterprises and private institutions with employees that, in the reference quarter, have paid wages and salaries subjected to social contributions and classified in the sectors of industry (sections B to F of the Nace Rev. 2) and services (G to N of the Nace Rev. 2). Each quarter, Oros survey releases a provisional estimate on the current quarter and a final estimate related to the same quarter of the preceding year. The provisional estimate is released with a delay of about 70 days after the end of the reference period and can be revised for the next three quarters until the final estimate release, after 12 months. The final estimate is required to incorporate the new information available after the provisional estimate. The discrepancy between the preliminary estimate and the final one depends on many different factors: - quality and completeness of the final version of the administrative micro data improve with respect to the preliminary version; - the annual revision of the LES data referred to the previous year, included in the OROS estimates in the delivery of the first quarter; – updating of structural variables based on other external sources (e.g. Nace Rev. 2 economic activity classification and institutional nature, etc.); - occasional methodological revisions of the indicators’ estimate.

Data source(s) used: Trips and holidays survey: The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the all months of the year. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring month is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc. From 1997 to 2013, Istat carried out the quarterly survey with CATI tecnique (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). Since 2014 the survey has been included into another process, Household budget survey, becoming a focus into the initial and ending interview. It is conducted monthly with CAPI technique (Computer Assisted Personal Interview), over a theory sample of 28.000 households (7.000 households per quarter). Comparability of the series of the main data has been guaranteed over time at national level. In fact, the principal macrodata have been re-built by applaying a tecnique of time series re-building.

Data source(s) used: Multipurpose survey on households: trips, holidays and daily life: Since 1997, Istat carries out the quarterly survey CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) "Trips and Holidays" on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the four quarters January-March, April-June, July-September and October-December. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring quarter is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc.

Data source(s) used: Multipurpose survey on households: trips, holidays and daily life: Since 1997, Istat carries out the quarterly survey CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) "Trips and Holidays" on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the four quarters January-March, April-June, July-September and October-December. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring quarter is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc. Other data characteristics: The quarterly data on the number of residents participating in tourism can not be added, as the same person may make trips in different quarters, hence the sum would lead to an overestimate of the number of people who made trips during the year.Annual average values ??are obtained as the average of the 4 quarters.

Data source(s) used: Trips and holidays survey: The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the all months of the year. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring month is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc. From 1997 to 2013, Istat carried out the quarterly survey with CATI tecnique (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). Since 2014 the survey has been included into another process, Household budget survey, becoming a focus into the initial and ending interview. It is conducted monthly with CAPI technique (Computer Assisted Personal Interview), over a theory sample of 28.000 households (7.000 households per quarter). Comparability of the series of the main data has been guaranteed over time at national level. In fact, the principal macrodata have been re-built by applaying a tecnique of time series re-building. Other data characteristics: The quarterly data on the number of residents participating in tourism can not be added, as the same person may make trips in different quarters, hence the sum would lead to an overestimate of the number of people who made trips during the year.Annual average values ??are obtained as the average of the 4 quarters. The quarterly data on people who made trips, starting from 2014, are detected by the CAPI survey "Trips and holidays". Consequently, they are not directly comparable to data until 2013, provided by another survey. The statistical back recalculation of this aggregate is not available .

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Since being introduced at the beginning of the 1950s, the survey has played a primary role in the statistical documentation and analysis of the employment situation in Italy and has proven to be an indispensable instrument of knowledge for public decision-makers, the media and citizens alike. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992.

Data source(s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: The 3rd October 2014 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy based on the new manual BPM6).Quarterly non-financial accounts for General Government: analyze the dynamics of the main public finance indicators. Moreover, the account gives information on the aggregates constituting general government expenditure (compensation of employees, intermediate consumption, social benefits, and interest) and revenue (taxes and social contribution).

Data source(s) used: Trips and holidays survey: The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the all months of the year. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring month is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc. From 1997 to 2013, Istat carried out the quarterly survey with CATI tecnique (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). Since 2014 the survey has been included into another process, Household budget survey, becoming a focus into the initial and ending interview. It is conducted monthly with CAPI technique (Computer Assisted Personal Interview), over a theory sample of 28.000 households (7.000 households per quarter). Comparability of the series of the main data has been guaranteed over time at national level. In fact, the principal macrodata have been re-built by applaying a tecnique of time series re-building.

Data source(s) used: Quarterly Sector Accounts (QSA): record all the activities, whether principal or secondary, of the institutional units. They present the whole set of non financial accounts, from the production account to the acquisitions of non-financial assets accounts on quarterly basis. For General Government sector, property income, other current transfers and capital transfers are consolidated. In addition to the set of accounts, a selection of indicators derived from QSA for Households (as Consumer too) and Non-financial Corporations is disseminated to allow a timely analysis of the behaviour of these sectors in the different phases of the economic cycle.

Data source(s) used: Quarterly survey on services producer prices: Services Producer Price Indices (SPPIs) or Output Price Indices for Services measure quarterly changes in the prices paid for services provided by enterprises to other enterprises and Government. This means the SPPIs cover what are commonly known as business to business transactions, thus leaving out sales to consumers. The indices are chained based and are calculated according to Ateco 2007 classification (Italian edition of Nace Rev. 2) and EC Regulation n. 1158/05.

Data source(s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Trips and holidays survey: The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the all months of the year. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring month is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc. From 1997 to 2013, Istat carried out the quarterly survey with CATI tecnique (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). Since 2014 the survey has been included into another process, Household budget survey, becoming a focus into the initial and ending interview. It is conducted monthly with CAPI technique (Computer Assisted Personal Interview), over a theory sample of 28.000 households (7.000 households per quarter). Comparability of the series of the main data has been guaranteed over time at national level. In fact, the principal macrodata have been re-built by applaying a tecnique of time series re-building. Other data characteristics: The time comparison between the estimates published since 2014 and the estimates published previously is feasible using only the data in the cube "Trips and overnight stays – Statistical back recalculation 1997-2013". In fact, the transition to the new Trips and Holidays Survey, integrated into the new Household and Budget Survey, has entailed a major innovation of the entire production process. In particular, changes were made in the data-collection technique (from telephone interviews to face-to-face interviews aided by a personal computer), in the reference period of the questions on trips and same-day visits (month instead of quarter) and in the sample size. In addition, methodological improvements included the representation of the population by the sample extract (the extraction of the sample households is from the municipal registry lists instead of the lists of subscribers to fixed telephony, as did the previous survey). An inevitable consequence of these changes was the interruption in the continuity of the time series of the main aggregates relating to trips and overnight stays. However, the old and the new survey were carried on simultaneously from the third quarter of 2012 and throughout 2013. So, it was possible to carry out the recalculation of the main series, through the study of the relationship between the data of the two surveys and the application of reconstruction techniques of time series already consolidated in our Institute. The reconstruction also includes the recalculation due to the availability of the new data on population, following the results of the Census of 2011 (which led to a revision of the estimates registries).

Data source(s) used: Trips and holidays survey: The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the all months of the year. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring month is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc. From 1997 to 2013, Istat carried out the quarterly survey with CATI tecnique (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). Since 2014 the survey has been included into another process, Household budget survey, becoming a focus into the initial and ending interview. It is conducted monthly with CAPI technique (Computer Assisted Personal Interview), over a theory sample of 28.000 households (7.000 households per quarter). Comparability of the series of the main data has been guaranteed over time at national level. In fact, the principal macrodata have been re-built by applaying a tecnique of time series re-building.

Data source(s) used: Multipurpose survey on households: trips, holidays and daily life: Since 1997, Istat carries out the quarterly survey CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) "Trips and Holidays" on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the four quarters January-March, April-June, July-September and October-December. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring quarter is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc.

Data source(s) used: Trips and holidays survey: The survey, in accordance with the European Regulation 692/2011 (repealing from 1 January 2012 the European Directive 95/57/EC), satisfies the national needs by collecting regularly data on 'tourism demand' and ensuring, together with supply data, the availability of an integrated system of statistical information in the field of tourism at national level. Moreover, complying with the Regulation, the survey guaranties a set of harmonized statistical information across all member states of the European Union. The aim is to quantify and analyze the flows of tourists resident in Italy, both within the country and abroad, as well as to give information on the characteristics of the trips and on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and non-tourists. The reference periods are the all months of the year. In each period, for each household member, information about trips ended in the referring month is collected. Tourism flows are distinguished into trips for personal reasons and business trips, the first ones differentiated between short holiday (1-3 overnight stays) and long holiday trips (4 or more overnight stays). The survey provides a wide set of information on tourist trips, such as destination of the trip, main purpose, type of organization of travel, main type of accommodation and main mean of transport, duration and period of the year for each trips made, etc. From 1997 to 2013, Istat carried out the quarterly survey with CATI tecnique (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) on a sample of about 14,000 households per year (approximately 3,500 per quarter and 32,000 individuals per year). Since 2014 the survey has been included into another process, Household budget survey, becoming a focus into the initial and ending interview. It is conducted monthly with CAPI technique (Computer Assisted Personal Interview), over a theory sample of 28.000 households (7.000 households per quarter). Comparability of the series of the main data has been guaranteed over time at national level. In fact, the principal macrodata have been re-built by applaying a tecnique of time series re-building.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Statistics from this survey refer to a concept of labour price. For each nation-wide collective agreement, the number of employees and their composition by specific wage level (combined with indications for seniority, skill, estimation about shift work) are fixed at a base year and remain constant until the renewal of base has been done. Employees exclude apprentices and managers. The base used now is December 2015=100 Moreover, these indicators are not influenced by changes due to overtime, worked hours or not worked for strikes or worker's illness. Istat produces two type of statistics on wages according to collective agreements: monthly index (IRC) and annual figures (RCA). Both indicators include basic pay, seniority and shift work allowance, all bonuses specified in national agreements and payable to all workers as well as those paid periodically (e.g. the 13th month). Bonuses related to individual performance or individual working conditions, supplementary payment agreed at the company or local level are not included. Monthly index excludes also bonuses-arrears and una tantum paid in late, but these two items are included in the annual wage figures (retribuzione annua di competenza o di cassa). Wages include tax and social security contributions paid by employees. The monthly index is calculated dividing by 12 the annual figures for each group of qualifications in the collective agreement. It shows the evolution of full-time employees' wages according to collective agreement and to law in force. General index is calculated each month as the average of the increase sets in each collective agreement signed in the national territory. The figures are derived from a selection of the most relevant nation-wide collective bargaining agreements on wages between labour unions and employers' associations. Every month the press release "Contratti collettivi e retribuzioni contrattuali" publishes two wage indices in national labour agreements: per capita and per hour. Per capita index measures the change in the collectively agreed annual wages compared to the base year. Hourly index measures the change of the wages per unit of time (annual earnings divided by the total number of working hours in the year). Annual figures are in terms of accrual or cash values. The first one (retribuzione contrattuale annua di competenza) is the annual wage amount that employees would earn each year if the National Collective Agreement came in force on time. This remuneration assigns backdated una tantum and arrears payments to the theoretical relative month.

Data source(s) used: INPS Disease sick pay paid by INPS is a benefit granted to employees (excluding servants, employees of industry , managers and doormen) and quasi-employees when there is a morbid event (disease) that causes the inability to work. The statistics were produced using data relating to the electronic transmission of medical certificates of the disease, by family doctors, for employees in the private sector and public administration in operation since 1 January 2011. Certificates of disease are treated by date of onset of the disease in order to treat the problem not only with reference to the flow of the certificates , but also with respect to disease events and their overall duration , even if referring to more than one certificate. The statistical unit is represented by a medical certificate of illness transmitted for each event that occurred during the observation of the event or illness that occurred during the observation or the employee with at least one event of illness occurred during the observation.

Data source(s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.