Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

This dataset FDI by counterpart area and by economic activity, BMD4 includes inward and outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows, positions and income by partner country and by economic activity for OECD reporting economies. It is a simplified dataset with fewer breakdowns compared to the other separate datasets specifically dedicated to FDI flows, FDI positions or FDI income by counterpart area, or by economic activity. In this dataset, FDI exclude resident SPEs, when they exist (unless otherwise stated, see metadata attached at the reporting country level); and inward FDI positions are allocated to the ultimate counterpart country when available (see metadata attached at the reporting country level). Inward and outward FDI statistics in this dataset are presented on a directional basis (unless otherwise stated, see metadata attached at the reporting country level); they are measured in USD millions, in millions of national currency and as a share of total (for FDI positions only). This dataset supports FDI indicators by counterpart area and by economic activity available from the OECD Data Portal. In 2014, many countries implemented the latest international standards for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics:the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition (BMD4); andthe IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6th edition (BPM6) This OECD database was launched in March 2015 which includes the data series reported by national experts according to BMD4. The data are for the most part based on balance of payments statistics published by Central Banks and Statistical Offices following the recommendations of the IMF’s BPM6 and the OECD’s BMD4. However, some of the data relate to other sources such as notifications or approvals.

This dataset FDI by counterpart area and by economic activity, BMD4 and historical BMD3 includes long time series of FDI statistics by partner country and by industry. It uses available BMD4 series and combines them with BMD3 historical series (from the unrevised OECD FDI datasets according to BMD3) as far back as 2005 and identifies breaks in series. For selected countries, breaks in series were removed as there was no significant impact of BMD4 implementation. In this dataset, inward and outward FDI flows, positions and income include resident SPEs when they exist (unless otherwise stated, see metadata attached at the reporting country level); and they are allocated to the immediate counterpart country (unless otherwise specified, see metadata attached at the reporting country level). Inward and outward FDI statistics in this datset are presented on a directional basis (unless otherwise stated, see metadata attached at the reporting country level); they are measured in USD millions, in millions of national currency and as a share of total (for FDI positions only). In 2014, many countries implemented the latest international standards for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics:the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition (BMD4); andthe IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6th edition (BPM6) This OECD database was launched in March 2015 which includes the data series reported by national experts according to BMD4. The data are for the most part based on balance of payments statistics published by Central Banks and Statistical Offices following the recommendations of the IMF’s BPM6 and the OECD’s BMD4. However, some of the data relate to other sources such as notifications or approvals.

This dataset FDI flows by counterpart area, BMD4 includes inward and outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows by partner country for OECD reporting economies: Inward FDI flows by partner country measure the value of cross-border direct investment transactions received by the reporting economy during a year, by source country, enabling, for example, the identification of the major sources of FDI for a specific OECD economy in that year. Inward FDI flows are allocated to the immediate investing country. Outward FDI flows by partner country measure the value of cross-border direct investment transactions from the reporting economy during a year, by destination country or region, enabling, for example, the identification of the major destinations of FDI for a specific OECD economy in that year. Outward FDI flows are allocated to the immediate counterpart country for all OECD countries. Inward and outward FDI flows by partner country are presented according to the directional principle (unless otherwise specified in the country level metadata); they are measured in USD millions and in millions of national currency.

This dataset FDI flows by economic activity, BMD4 includes inward and outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows by economic activity for OECD reporting economies: Inward FDI flows by economic activity measure the value of cross-border direct investment transactions received by the reporting economy in a specific industry during a year, enabling, for example, the identification of the most attractive industries for FDI in each OECD economy in that year. Outward FDI flows by economic activity measure the value of cross-border direct investment transactions from the reporting economy during a year, by industry. The industry sector corresponds to the activity of the direct investment enterprise or to the activity of the direct investor (more details on the activity allocation method for outward FDI flows are indicated in the metadata information attached at the country level). Inward and outward FDI flows by economic activity are presented according to the directional principle (unless otherwise specified in the country level metadata); they are measured in USD millions and in millions of national currency. A cross-classification of inward and outward FDI flows by major ISIC4 sections and by main geographic aggregates are also available for some OECD reporting economies.

This dataset FDI flows by economic activity, BMD4 includes inward and outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows by economic activity for OECD reporting economies:Inward FDI flows by economic activity measure the value of cross-border direct investment transactions received by the reporting economy in a specific industry during a year, enabling, for example, the identification of the most attractive industries for FDI in each OECD economy in that year.Outward FDI flows by economic activity measure the value of cross-border direct investment transactions from the reporting economy during a year, by industry. The industry sector corresponds to the activity of the direct investment enterprise or to the activity of the direct investor (more details on the activity allocation method for outward FDI flows are indicated in the metadata information attached at the country level). Inward and outward FDI flows by economic activity are presented according to the directional principle (unless otherwise specified in the country level metadata); they are measured in USD millions and in millions of national currency. A cross-classification of inward and outward FDI flows by major ISIC4 sections and by main geographic aggregates are also available for some OECD reporting economies. In 2014, many countries implemented the latest international standards for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics:the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition (BMD4); andthe IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6th edition (BPM6) An OECD database was launched in March 2015 which includes the data series reported by national experts according to BMD4. The data are for the most part based on balance of payments statistics published by Central Banks and Statistical Offices following the recommendations of the IMF’s BPM6 and the OECD’s BMD4. However, some of the data relate to other sources such as notifications or approvals. Historical and unrevised series of FDI flows by economic activity under the previous BMD3 methodology can be accessed in the archived dataset FDI flows by industry.

This dataset FDI flows main aggregates, BMD4 is updated every quarter and includes annual and quarterly aggregate Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows for OECD member countries and for non-OECD G20 countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and South Africa), which are included in Balance of Payments (BOP) accounts. FDI flows record the value of cross-border transactions related to direct investment during a given period of time, usually a quarter or a year, and consist of equity transactions, reinvestment of earnings, and intercompany debt transactions.

This dataset FDI income by counterpart area, BMD4 includes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) payments and receipts by partner country for OECD reporting economies:FDI income payments (or income on inward FDI) by partner country measure the total returns within a year on direct investment stocks paid by enterprises in the reporting economy to their foreign investors, by destination countries or regions, enabling, for example, the identification of the major destinations of FDI income payments for a specific OECD economy in that year. FDI income payments are allocated to the immediate counterpart country.FDi income receipts (or income on outward FDI) by partner country measure the total returns within a year on direct investment stocks received by investors in the reporting economy from their direct investment enterprises abroad, by source countries or region, enabling, for example, the identification of the major sources of FDI income receipts for a specific OECD economy in that year.. FDI income receipts are allocated to the immediate counterpart country or region for all OECD countries. Income payments and receipts (or income on inward and outward FDI respectively) by partner country are presented according to the directional principle (unless otherwise specified in the country level metadata); they are measured in USD millions and in millions of national currency.

This dataset FDI income by economic activity, BMD4 includes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) payments and receipts by economic activity for OECD reporting economies: FDI income payments (or income on inward FDI) by economic activity measure the total returns within a year on direct investment stocks paid by enterprises in the reporting economy, in a specific industry, to their foreign investors. FDi income receipts (or income on outward FDI) by economic activity measure the total returns within a year on direct investment stocks received by investors in the reporting economy from their direct investment enterprises abroad, by industry. The industry sector corresponds to the activity of the direct investment enterprise or to the activity of the direct investor (more details on the activity allocation method for FDI income receipts are indicated in the metadata information attached at the country level). Income payments and receipts (or income on inward and outward FDI respectively) by economic activity are presented according to the directional principle (unless otherwise specified in the country level metadata); they are measured in USD millions and in millions of national currency.

This dataset FDI income by economic activity, BMD4 includes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) payments and receipts by economic activity for OECD reporting economies:FDI income payments (or income on inward FDI) by economic activity measure the total returns within a year on direct investment stocks paid by enterprises in the reporting economy, in a specific industry, to their foreign investors.FDi income receipts (or income on outward FDI) by economic activity measure the total returns within a year on direct investment stocks received by investors in the reporting economy from their direct investment enterprises abroad, by industry. The industry sector corresponds to the activity of the direct investment enterprise or to the activity of the direct investor (more details on the activity allocation method for FDI income receipts are indicated in the metadata information attached at the country level). Income payments and receipts (or income on inward and outward FDI respectively) by economic activity are presented according to the directional principle (unless otherwise specified in the country level metadata); they are measured in USD millions and in millions of national currency. In 2014, many countries implemented the latest international standards for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics:the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition (BMD4); andthe IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6th edition (BPM6) This OECD database was launched in March 2015 which includes the data series reported by national experts according to BMD4. The data are for the most part based on balance of payments statistics published by Central Banks and Statistical Offices following the recommendations of the IMF’s BPM6 and the OECD’s BMD4. However, some of the data relate to other sources such as notifications or approvals.

This dataset FDI income main aggregates, BMD4 is updated every quarter and includes annual and quarterly aggregate Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) income for OECD member countries and for non-OECD G20 countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and South Africa), which are included in Balance of Payments (BOP) accounts.

This dataset FDI main aggregates, BMD4 is updated every quarter and includes quarterly and annual aggregate inward and outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows, positions and income for OECD reporting economies and for non-OECD G20 countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and South Africa). It is a simplified dataset with fewer breakdowns compared to the other separate datasets specifically dedicated to FDI flows, FDI positions or FDI income aggregates. In this dataset, FDI statistics are presented on directional basis only (unless otherwise specified, see metadata attached at the reporting country level) and resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), when they exist, are excluded (unless otherwise stated, see metadata attached at the reporting country level). FDI aggregates are measured in USD millions, in millions of national currency and as a share of GDP.

This dataset FDI positions by counterpart area, BMD4 includes inward and outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) positions by partner country for OECD reporting economies:Inward FDI positions by partner country measure the total level of direct investment in the reporting economy at the end of the year, by source countries, enabling, for example, the identification of the major sources of FDI for a specific OECD economy. Inward FDI positions are allocated to the immediate investing country but inward FDI positions allocated to the ultimate investing country are also available for some OECD economies.Outward FDI positions by partner country measure the total level of direct investment from the reporting economy at the end of the year, by destination countries, enabling, for example, the identification of the major destinations of FDI for a specific OECD economy. Outward FDI positions are allocated to the immediate counterpart country for all OECD countries. Inward and outward FDI positions by partner country are presented according to the directional principle (unless otherwise specified in the country level metadata); they are measured in USD millions, in millions of national currency and as a share of total FDI positions. In 2014, many countries implemented the latest international standards for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics:the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition (BMD4); andthe IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6th edition (BPM6) This OECD database was launched in March 2015 which includes the data series reported by national experts according to BMD4. The data are for the most part based on balance of payments statistics published by Central Banks and Statistical Offices following the recommendations of the IMF’s BPM6 and the OECD’s BMD4. However, some of the data relate to other sources such as notifications or approvals. Historical and unrevised series of FDI positions by counterpart area under the previous BMD3 methodology can be accessed in the archived dataset FDI positions by partner country.

This dataset FDI positions by economic activity, BMD4 includes inward and outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) positions by economic activity according to ISIC4 for OECD reporting economies:Inward FDI positions by economic activity measure the total level of direct investment in a specific industry of the reporting economy at the end of the year, enabling, for example, the identification of the most attractive industry sectors for FDI in each OECD economy.Outward FDI positions by economic activity measure the total level of direct investment from the reporting economy at the end of the year, by industry sector. The industry sector corresponds to the activity of the direct investment enterprise or to the activity of the direct investor (more details on the activity allocation method for outward FDI positions are indicated in the metadata information attached at the country level). Inward and outward FDI positions by economic activity are presented according to the directional principle (unless otherwise specified in the country level metadata); they are measured in USD millions, in millions of national currency and as a share of total FDI positions. A cross-classification of inward and outward FDI positions by major ISIC4 sections and by main geographic aggregates are also available for some OECD reporting economies. In 2014, many countries implemented the latest international standards for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics:the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition (BMD4); andthe IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6th edition (BPM6) This OECD database was launched in March 2015 which includes the data series reported by national experts according to BMD4. The data are for the most part based on balance of payments statistics published by Central Banks and Statistical Offices following the recommendations of the IMF’s BPM6 and the OECD’s BMD4. However, some of the data relate to other sources such as notifications or approvals. Historical and unrevised series of FDI positions by economic activity under the previous BMD3 methodology can be accessed in the archived dataset FDI positions by industry.

This dataset FDI positions main aggregates, BMD4 is updated every quarter and includes annual aggregate Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) positions for OECD member countries and for non-OECD G20 countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and South Africa), which are included in International Investment Position (IIP) accounts. FDI positions record the total level of direct investment at a given point in time, usually the end of a quarter or of a year.

The FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index (FDI Index) measures statutory restrictions on foreign direct investment across 22 economic sectors. It gauges the restrictiveness of a country’s FDI rules by looking at the four main types of restrictions on FDI: 1) Foreign equity limitations; 2) Discriminatory screening or approval mechanisms; 3) Restrictions on the employment of foreigners as key personnel and 4) Other operational restrictions, e.g. restrictions on branching and on capital repatriation or on land ownership by foreign-owend enterprises. Restrictions are evaluated on a 0 (open) to 1 (closed) scale. The overall restrictiveness index is the average of sectoral scores. The discriminatory nature of measures, i.e. when they apply to foreign investors only, is the central criterion for scoring a measure. State ownership and state monopolies, to the extent they are not discriminatory towards foreigners, are not scored. The FDI Index is not a full measure of a country’s investment climate. A range of other factors come into play, including how FDI rules are implemented. Entry barriers can also arise for other reasons, including state ownership in key sectors. A country’s ability to attract FDI will be affected by others factors such as the size of its market, the extent of its integration with neighbours and even geography among other. Nonetheless, FDI rules can be a critical determinant of a country’s attractiveness to foreign investors.

This table contains figures on the shares of industrial sectors that are "controlled" by affiliates under foreign control in each country (inward investment as a percentage of national total).

This table contains figures on the activity of affiliates under foreign control and all firms by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Revision 4).

This table contains figures on the activity of affiliates under foreign control by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Revision 3).

This table contains figures on affiliates under foreign control by investing country in the total manufacturing, total services and total business enterprise sectors.

The units used to present data in AFA are millions of national currency for monetary variables and units for the other variables. Monetary variables are in current prices. Euro-area countries: national currency data is expressed in euro beginning with the year of entry into the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). For years prior to the year of entry into EMU, data have been converted from the former national currency using the appropriate irrevocable conversion rate. This presentation facilitates comparisons within a country over time and ensures that the historical evolution is preserved. Please note, however, that pre-EMU euro are a notional unit and should not be used to form area aggregates or to carry out cross-country comparisons.

The OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI) provide a set of indicators that compare the Science and Technology (S&T) performance of OECD member countries and selected non-member economies. The MSTI database focuses principally on tracking financial and human resources devoted to research and experimental development (R&D), as defined in the OECD Frascati Manual, complemented by additional indicators of outputs and potential outcomes of S&T activities, namely patent data and international trade in R&D-intensive industries. MSTI also comprises several OECD economic and demographic statistical series which are used to calculate relevant benchmarks that account for differences in the relative size of economies, purchasing power and the effect of inflation.

This table contains figures on the activity of affiliates located abroad by host country in the total manufacturing, total services and total business enterprise sectors. The units used to present data in AMNE are millions of national currency for monetary variables and units for the other variables. Monetary variables are in current prices. Euro-area countries: national currency data is expressed in euro beginning with the year of entry into the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). For years prior to the year of entry into EMU, data have been converted from the former national currency using the appropriate irrevocable conversion rate. This presentation facilitates comparisons within a country over time and ensures that the historical evolution is preserved. Please note, however, that pre-EMU euro are a notional unit and should not be used to form area aggregates or to carry out cross-country comparisons.

This table contains figures on the activity of affiliates located abroad by host country in the total manufacturing sector or in the total business sector. The units used to present data in AFA are millions of national currency for monetary variables and units for the other variables. Monetary variables are in current prices. Euro-area countries: national currency data is expressed in euro beginning with the year of entry into the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). For years prior to the year of entry into EMU, data have been converted from the former national currency using the appropriate irrevocable conversion rate. This presentation facilitates comparisons within a country over time and ensures that the historical evolution is preserved. Please note, however, that pre-EMU euro are a notional unit and should not be used to form area aggregates or to carry out cross-country comparisons.

This table contains figures on the activity affiliates located abroad by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Revision 4). The units used to present data in AMNE are millions of national currency for monetary variables and units for the other variables. Monetary variables are in current prices. Euro-area countries: national currency data is expressed in euro beginning with the year of entry into the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). For years prior to the year of entry into EMU, data have been converted from the former national currency using the appropriate irrevocable conversion rate. This presentation facilitates comparisons within a country over time and ensures that the historical evolution is preserved. Please note, however, that pre-EMU euro are a notional unit and should not be used to form area aggregates or to carry out cross-country comparisons.

The units used to present data in AFA are millions of national currency for monetary variables and units for the other variables. Monetary variables are in current prices. Euro-area countries: national currency data is expressed in euro beginning with the year of entry into the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). For years prior to the year of entry into EMU, data have been converted from the former national currency using the appropriate irrevocable conversion rate. This presentation facilitates comparisons within a country over time and ensures that the historical evolution is preserved. Please note, however, that pre-EMU euro are a notional unit and should not be used to form area aggregates or to carry out cross-country comparisons.

The dataset on Statistical discrepancy (Institutional Investors – Financial Balance Sheets) represents the time series of the dataset on Institutional investors' assets and liabilities (7II) along with those of the dataset on Financial Balance Sheets (720), for the financial instruments and institutional sectors which are in common to these two datasets.  Additionally, for each of the above-mentioned time series, a statistical discrepancy is reported in order to show any possible differences which may exist between the two datasets (7II and 720).  In fact, the dataset on Institutional investors' assets and liabilities (7II) constitutes an attempt to better integrate these data in the framework of the System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA 2008).  However, discrepancies may exist and may, for example, be caused by balancing practices (e.g. when sector and counterpart sector data are reconciled) in the compilation of Financial Balance Sheets at a higher level of aggregation, which may not have been carried through at a lower level of aggregation. Moreover, differences may also be caused by the use of different source data.