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The gross nutrient balances (N and P) are calculated as the difference between the total quantity of nutrient inputs entering an agricultural system (mainly fertilizers, livestock manure), and the quantity of nutrient outputs leaving the system (mainly uptake of nutrients by crops and grassland). Gross nutrient balances are expressed in tonnes of nutrient surplus (when positive) or deficit (when negative). This calculation can be used as a proxy to reveal the status of environmental pressures, such as declining soil fertility in the case of a nutrient deficit, or for a nutrient surplus the risk of polluting soil, water and air. The nutrient balance indicator is also expressed in terms of kilogrammes of nutrient surplus per hectare of agricultural land to facilitate the comparison of the relative intensity of nutrients in agricultural systems between countries.

Structural business statistics (SBS) describes the structure, conduct and performance of economic activities, down to the most detailed activity level (several hundred economic sectors). SBS are transmitted annually by the EU Member States on the basis of a legal obligation from 1995 onwards.   SBS covers all activities of the business economy with the exception of agricultural activities and personal services and the data are provided by all EU Member States, Norway and Switzerland, some candidate and potential candidate countries. The data are collected by domain of activity (annex) : Annex I - Services, Annex II - Industry, Annex III - Trade and Annex IV- Constructions and by datasets. Each annex contains several datasets as indicated in the SBS Regulation. The majority of the data is collected by National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) by means of statistical surveys, business registers or from various administrative sources. Regulatory or controlling national offices for financial institutions or central banks often provide the information required for the financial sector (NACE Rev 2 Section K / NACE Rev 1.1 Section J). Member States apply various statistical methods, according to the data source, such as grossing up, model based estimation or different forms of imputation, to ensure the quality of SBSs produced. Main characteristics (variables) of the SBS data category:Business Demographic variables (e.g. Number of enterprises)"Output related" variables (e.g. Turnover, Value added)"Input related" variables: labour input (e.g. Employment, Hours worked); goods and services input (e.g. Total of purchases); capital input (e.g. Material investments) All SBS characteristics are published on Eurostat’s website by tables and an example of the existent tables is presented below:Annual enterprise statistics: Characteristics collected are published by country and detailed on NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 class level (4-digits). Some classes or groups in 'services' section have been aggregated.Annual enterprise statistics broken down by size classes: Characteristics are published by country and detailed down to NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 group level (3-digits) and employment size class. For trade (NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 Section G) a supplementary breakdown by turnover size class is available.Annual regional statistics: Four characteristics are published by NUTS-2 country region and detailed on NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 division level (2-digits) (but to group level (3-digits) for the trade section). More information on the contents of different tables: the detail level and breakdowns required starting with the reference year 2008 is defined in Commission Regulation N° 251/2009. For previous reference years it is included in Commission Regulations (EC) N° 2701/98 and amended by Commission Regulation N°1614/2002 and Commission Regulation N°1669/2003. Several important derived indicators are generated in the form of ratios of certain monetary characteristics or per head values. A list with the available derived indicators is available below in the Annex.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

This dataset shows countries and river basins' average exposure to five of Aqueduct's water risk indicators: baseline water stress, interannual variability, seasonal variability, flood occurrence, and drought severity. Risk exposure scores are available for every country (except Greenland and Antarctica), the 100 most populous river basins, and the 100 largest river basins by area. Scores are also available for all industrial, agricultural, and domestic users' average exposure to each indicator in each country and river basin. Citation: Gassert, F., P. Reig, T. Luo, and A. Maddocks. 2013. “Aqueduct country and river basin rankings: a weighted aggregation of spatially distinct hydrological indicators.” Working paper. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, November 2013. Available online at http://wri.org/publication/aqueduct-country-river-basin-rankings.

The indicator measures the number and proportion of coastal and inland bathing sites with excellent water quality. The indicator assessment is based on microbiological parameters (intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli). The new Bathing Water Directive requires Member States to identify and assess the quality of all inland and marine bathing waters and to classify these waters as ‘poor’, ‘sufficient’, ‘good’ or ‘excellent’.

20.1. Source data

This dataset provides information on the level of public equipment installed by countries to managed and abate water pollution. It shows the percentage of national population connected to "public" sewerage networks and related treatment facilities, and the percentage of national population connected to "public" wastewater treatment plants, and the degree of treatment. Connected here means actually connected to a wastewater plants through a public sewage network. When analysing these data, it should be kept in mind that the optimal connection rate is not necessarily 100%. It may vary among countries and depends on geographical features and on the spatial distribution of habitats. The interpretation of those data should take into account some variations in countries' definitions, as reflected in metadata. Data source(s): Joint OECD/Eurostat questionnaire on Inland Waters. Data for non-OECD countries is sourced from UNSD (https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envstats/country_files)

The design capacity of waste water treatment plants is characterised by the total quantity of oxygen-demanding material that can be treated daily with a certain efficiency. For biological treatment plants the BOD-capacity is mostly limited by the oxygenation capacity, i.e. the quantity of oxygen that can be brought into the water to keep the oxygen concentration on a suitable level.

Note: CGWB does not have ground water monitoring wells in the states/UTs of: 1. Sikkim 2. Mizoram 3. Manipur 4. Lakshadweep **Nagaland: No data available during premonsoon 2018

Title: Drinking Water Facility and Source of Water - Based on Sample Survey   Description: The data refers to information on the drinking water facility and source of water in the selected sample states. It provides details of Availability of Drinking Water (%age) and Source of Drinking Water (Well, Tap or other). The outcome is based on the sample survey undertaken by Programme Evaluation Organisation (PEO), Planning commission which covered 48 districts and 480 schools across 17 states of India for 'Performance Evaluation Report of Cooked Mid-Day Meal (CMDM), 2010'. The reference period for the study was 2000 to 2006.   Released Under: National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP)   Contributor: NITI Aayog/Planning Commission   Keywords: Availability; Tap; Well; CMDM; Scheme; School; Cooked; Meal   Group: Education   Sectors: Elementary; Education   Note: This data set has been sourced from 'Performance Evaluation Report of Cooked Mid-Day Meal (CMDM) - Social Development Intervention, 2010' by PEO, Planning commission; CMDM-Cooked Mid-Day Meal

Contains annual data series on water consumption, irrigated area, solar water and space heating area, countries overpumping aquifers and water deficits for the countries and regions through the time period from 1961 to 2013.

Water removed from any freshwater source, either permanently or temporarily. Mine water and drainage water as well as water abstractions from precipitation are included, whereas water used for hydroelectricity generation (in situ use) is excluded.

Total groundwater and surface water abstraction per capita.

Freshwater abstractions:   This dataset shows water abstractions by source (surface and ground water) and by major uses. Water abstractions refer to water taken from ground or surface water sources and conveyed to the place of use. If the water is returned to a surface water source, abstraction of the same water by the downstream user is counted again in compiling total abstractions.   When interpreting those data, it should be borne in mind that the definitions and estimation methods employed by member countries may vary considerably.   Data source(s): Joint OECD/Eurostat questionnaire on Inland Waters. Data for non-OECD countries is sourced from UNSD (https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envstats/country_files)  

Date is taken as per country metadata, and which is not having any metadata date is considered as 2023

Eurostat Dataset Id:env_watres_r2 Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

India's Economic Survey: Human Development Indicator Notes: 1. Literacy rates for 1951, 1961 and 1971 Censuses relate to population aged five years and above and from 1981 onwards literacy rates relate to the population aged seven years and above. The literacy rate for 1951 in case of West Bengal relates to total population including 0-4 age group. Literacy rate for 1951 in respect of Chhatisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Manipur are based on sample population. 2. Arunachal Pradesh Census conducted for the first time in 1961 3. India and Manipur figures includes estimated population for those of the three sub-divisions viz. Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul Senapati district of Manipur as census results of 2001 in these three sub-divisions were cancelled due to technical and administrative reasons.

Data cited at: The Water Footprint Network https://waterfootprint.org/en/ Topic: International virtual water flow statistics  Publication: https://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/waterstat/international-virtual-water-flow-statistics/ Reference: Hoekstra, A.Y. & Mekonnen, M.M. (2012) The water footprint of humanity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(9): 3232–3237 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

The domain EUROFARM (ef) contains information (statistical tables) on structure of agricultural holdings collected through agricultural structure surveys. The data of the domain have been organised into two collections: Results of the farm structure surveys contains data from 1990 onwards based on the 1988 legislation andResults of the farm structure surveys based on the legislation from 2008. This collection contains the data from the 2010 Census onwards as well as the data for the surveys 2007 and 2005. Farm Structure Survey data are used to collect information on agricultural holdings in the Member States at different geographic levels (Member States, regions, districts) and over periods (follow up the changes in agricultural sector), thus provide a base for decision making in the Common Agricultural Policy. Two kinds of Farm Structure Survey (FSS) are carried out by Member States: a basic survey (full scope Agricultural Census - AC) every 10 years,several sample based intermediate surveys between them. However for certain characteristics the Member States may use sample base for every survey. The calendar for the surveys to be held in all Member States is agreed by the Agricultural Statistics Committee of the European Commission. For a given survey year, Member States have to conduct their surveys within the agreed time-frame, thus all the data are as comparable as possible. The FSS are organised in all Member States on a harmonised base. Whereas the characteristics are based on community legislation, the same data are available for all countries in case of each survey. The data on individual agricultural holdings are collected by all Member States and sent to Eurostat. The aggregated results are disseminated through statistical tables. The variables are arranged into groups: general overview with key variables,and other specialized groups containing detailed data onland uselivestockfarm labour forcerural development issues as well as management and practices. The 2010 survey additionally provides the results of the survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM). The scope of the survey is agriculture, while the survey unit is the agricultural holding (farm). Data for basic surveys are available in a three-level geographical breakdown of the whole country, the regions and the district; while data for intermediate surveys are only available upon the two-levels of country and regions. Since FSS 1999/2000 information about local farm location is collected in most countries, so that the data can also be disseminated by NUTS and are robust regarding the changes in the NUTS definition. The FSS 2009/2010 information is inline with the NUTS 2010 classification: Regulation (EU) No 31/2011 amending the NUTS classification from January 2003. The Eurofarm domain does not cover the whole territory only the land covered by the agricultural holdings. So the land use data without link with other farm characteristics should be downloaded by the user from the relevant domain. Specific national data about crops, animals or agricultural labour force can be found in other domains, without link between the other information at farm level. For a comprehensive description of the domain, please consult detailed structure (See annex at the bottom of the page). Regional Data Data for basic surveys are available in a three-level geographical breakdown of the whole country, the regions and the district; while data for intermediate surveys are only available upon the two-levels of country and regions. Since FSS 1999/2000 information about local farm location is collected in most countries, so that the data can also be disseminated by NUTS classification and are robust regarding the changes in the NUTS definition. The FSS 2009/2010 information is inline with the NUTS 2010 classification: Regulation (EU) No 31/2001 amending the NUTS classification from January 2012. Please note that for paragraphs where no metadata for regional data has been specified, the regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for the national data.

Source: Karnataka rural water supply and sanitation agency. Uploaded from India Water Portal

It provides a breakdown of government expenditure according to their function. To meet this end, economic flows of expenditure must be aggregated according to the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG).

6.1. Reference area

The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a multi-dimensional index calculated to examine the factors that influence changes the water quality and provide a comparison tool for the worst practices. The index incorporates 7 performance indicators which have been calculated on the basis of reliable data from a range of international organizations and academic sources. It takes into account topics mentioned below.  All the indicators are from the worst to the best situation and normalized from 0 to 100%, where 100 is the worst. Conservation/Infrastructure:National protected areas (Terrestrial Protected Areas (National Biome Weights)). Obtained using data from Environmental Performance Index, 2016. The target for this indicator is the sample minimum which is equal to 0% and the low-performance benchmark is equal to 100%, a figure observed as the sample maximum. Water system pressure: Data used for this indexes was sourced from the WB’s WDI 2016Freshwater withdrawal (Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)). The target for this indicator is the sample maximum which is equal to 8,935% for Bahrain and the low-performance benchmark is equal to 0,02%, a figure observed as the sample minimum.Agricultural water withdrawal (Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal). The target for this index is set equal to the sample maximum of 99,48% and the low-performance benchmark is the sample minimum of 0.0%. Supply/Access:Population using safely managed drinking water services. This data is taken from the United Nations Statistics Division. The target is set at the sample minimum, which is an average score of 39.96, and the low-performance benchmark is set at the sample maximum of 100. Sanitation:Population using improved sanitation. The data is obtained from the United Nations Statistics Division. The target is set at the sample minimum, which is an average score of 6,72, and the low-performance benchmark is set at the sample maximum of 100. Pollution:Wastewater treatment Obtained using data from Environmental Performance Index, 2016. The target for this index is set equal to the sample minimum of 0 % and the low-performance benchmark is the sample maximum of 100%. Water and Women:Women age 15+ usually collect water. Data from the world's Women 2015 report by the United Nations Statistics Division. The target for this index is set equal to the sample maximum of 82 % and the low-performance benchmark is the sample minimum of 0.4%. The overall index was estimated as an arithmetic mean and normalized too.The index is calculated as a percentage from 0% to 100% where 100% represents the Worst Performance Across Year of Water Issues. *The general formula to normalize the indicators is then given by 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 = (Observed value − lower performance benchmark)/ (Target − lower performance benchmark)

6.1. Reference area

The indicator measures the percentage of population connected to wastewater treatment systems with at least secondary treatment. Thereby, wastewater from urban sources or elsewhere is treated by a process generally involving biological treatment with a secondary settlement or other process, resulting in a removal of organic material that reduces the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by at least 70 % and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) by at least 75 %.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Eurostat Dataset Id:env_watpop_r2 Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Percentage of the population served by a sewer system, regardless of the availability of treatment facilities. This relates to any kind of sewage treatment (primary to tertiary) in municipal treatment plants run by public authorities or by private companies.

This indicator is defined as the percentage of the population connected to waste water treatment systems with at least secondary treatment. Thereby, urban waste water is treated by a process generally involving biological treatment with a secondary settlement or other process, resulting in a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal of at least 70% and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of at least 75%.   The indicator is a Sustainable Development Indicator (SDI). It has been chosen for the assessment of the EU progress towards the targets of the Sustainable Development Strategy.   tsdnr320's table: Eurobase > Tables by themes > Environment and Energy > Environment > Water > Population connected to urban wastewater treatment with at least secondary treatment (tsdnr 320) tsdnr 3020's table within the SDI set: Eurobase > Tables on EU policy > Sustainable development indicators > Natural resources > Fresh water resources > Population connected to urban wastewater treatment with at least secondary treatment (tsdnr 320).

This relates to any kind of sewage treatment (primary to tertiary) in municipal treatment plants run by public authorities or by private companies (on behalf of local authorities), whose main purpose is sewage treatment

Eurostat Dataset Id:med_en47 The focus of this domain is on the following countries:Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia. Data are provided for over 1000 indicators depending on the country.   The data for the Mediterranean partner countries are supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authorities  of each of the countries or territories. The data and their denomination in no way constitute the  expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the  legal status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its frontiers. Â

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

The accumulated settled solids separated from various types of water as a result of natural or artificial processes.

Title: State-wise Percentage of Schools having Drinking Water Facility - DISE : Flash Statistics   Description: The data refers to state-wise percentage of schools having Drinking Water Facility in primary and all schools categories during the years 2010 to 2013.   Released Under: National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP)   Contributor: NITI Aayog/Planning Commission   Keywords: Water; Facility; Elementary; Education; primary; School   Group: Elementary Education   Sectors: Elementary; Education   Note: Source : DISE 2012-13 : Flash Statistics

Source: Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Eurostat Dataset Id:med_en46 The focus of this domain is on the following countries:Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia. Data are provided for over 1000 indicators depending on the country.   The data for the Mediterranean partner countries are supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authorities  of each of the countries or territories. The data and their denomination in no way constitute the  expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the  legal status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its frontiers. Â

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Water abstracted by economic units engaged in collection, purification and distribution of water (including desalting of sea water to produce water as the principal product of interest), water that is used to absorb and remove heat in the course of processes for the generation of electricity.

The indicator presents i) the annual total fresh water abstraction in a country as a percentage of its long-term annual average (LTAA) available water from renewable fresh water resources; ii) the annual groundwater abstraction as a percentage of the country’s long-term annual average groundwater available for abstraction; and iii) the annual surface water abstraction as a percentage of the country’s long-term annual average surface water resources available for abstraction. The latter is calculated as the total fresh water resources (external inflow plus precipitation less evapotranspiration) less groundwater available for abstraction. Total fresh water abstraction includes water removed from any fresh water source, either permanently or temporarily. Mine water and drainage water as well as water abstractions from precipitation are included, whereas water used for hydroelectricity generation (in situ use) is excluded. The minimum period taken into account for the calculation of LTAA is 20 years. The warning threshold of 20% for this indicator distinguishes a non-stressed from a water scarce region, with severe scarcity occurring where the WEI exceeds 40%. However the indicator is limited for several reasons: Firstly, the total fresh water abstraction does not distinguish between abstracted water that is redirected after use (and after appropriate treatment) back to the water body or if it is used for irrigation purposes with inevitable evaporation. Secondly, the abstraction and WEI are national data and disregard regional and seasonal changing conditions during the course of the year (water bodies/river basins with different level of water scarcity and hot spots in summer time). Eurostat is in maintaining more differentiated data but coverage is not yet considered sufficient. As soon as the more advanced indicator WEI+ is established, it will replace the WEI. More information can be found in Statistics Explained.

Data cited at: The Water Footprint Network https://waterfootprint.org/en/ Topic: Product water footprint statistics Publication: https://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/waterstat/product-water-footprint-statistics/ Reference: Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2011) The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(5): 1577-1600. License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/    

Data cited at: The Water Footprint Network https://waterfootprint.org/en/ Topic: Product water footprint statistics Publication: https://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/waterstat/product-water-footprint-statistics/ Reference: Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2011) The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(5): 1577-1600. License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/  

Data cited at: The Water Footprint Network https://waterfootprint.org/en/ Topic: Product water footprint statistics Publication: https://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/waterstat/product-water-footprint-statistics/ Reference: Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2012) A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products, Ecosystems, 15(3): 401–415. License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/  

Data cited at: The Water Footprint Network https://waterfootprint.org/en/ Topic: Product water footprint statistics Publication: https://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/waterstat/product-water-footprint-statistics/ Reference: Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2011) National water footprint accounts: the green, blue and grey water footprint of production and consumption, Value of Water Research Report Series No.50, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands. License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/  

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Water productivity indicates how much economic output is produced per cubic meter of fresh water abstracted (in EUR per m3 or PPS per m3). It serves as a measure of the efficiency of water use. Total fresh water abstraction includes water removed from any fresh water source, either permanently or temporarily. Mine water and drainage water as well as water abstractions from precipitation are included, whereas water used for hydroelectricity generation (in situ use) is excluded. The indicator is limited for several reasons: Firstly, total fresh water abstraction does not distinguish between abstracted water that is redirected after use (and after appropriate treatment) back to the water body or if it is used for irrigation purposes with inevitable evaporation. Secondly, no distinction is made between fresh water abstracted from surface or groundwater. Lastly, water abstraction statistics are national data and disregard regional and seasonal changing conditions during the year (water bodies / river basins with different level of water scarcity and hot spots in summer time). Eurostat is in maintaining more differentiated data (groundwater, surface water, regional breakdown), but coverage is not yet considered sufficient. For the interpretation it should be taken into account that water productivity is strongly influenced by the economic structure and the proportion of water intensive industries. A lower water productivity primarily means that the economic and industrial structure of the country is water use intensive. A less water-consuming economy would show a relatively high water productivity. The change in water productivity is influenced by both ‘real’ productivity improvements and deteriorations, as well as by changes in economic and industry structure. For the calculation of water productivity Eurostat uses the GDP either in the unit of EUR in chain-linked volumes to the reference year 2010 at 2010 exchange rates or in the unit PPS (Purchasing Power Standard). The unit EUR in chain linked volumes allows observing the water productivity trends over time in a single geographic area, whereas the unit PPS allows to compare countries for the same year. Since GDP is measured in million EUR or million PPS and water abstraction in million cubic meters, water productivity is available in both EUR per m3 and PPS per m3. More information on water statistics in Statistics Explained

Eurostat Dataset Id:med_en44 The focus of this domain is on the following countries:Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia. Data are provided for over 1000 indicators depending on the country.   The data for the Mediterranean partner countries are supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authorities  of each of the countries or territories. The data and their denomination in no way constitute the  expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the  legal status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its frontiers. Â

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Water supplied by economic units engaged in collection, purification and distribution of water (including desalting of sea water to produce water as the principal product of interest, and excluding system operation for agricultural purposes and treatment of waste water solely in order to prevent pollution). Deliveries of water from one public supply undertaking to another are excluded. The difference between the total water abstraction for the public water supply (cf. table ten00006) and the figures in this table represents the losses in the system, i.e. during purification, storage and distribution.

Abstraction of water by the user for own final use.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.